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InstaLinks : help you think beyond the issue but relevant to the issue from UPSC prelims and Mains exam point of view. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background. This helps you study a topic holistically and add new dimensions to every current event to help you think analytically
Table of Contents:
GS Paper 2:
1. As India takes G20 presidency, key takeaways from the summit in Bali
GS Paper 3:
1. Who should pay for climate damage?
Facts for Prelims:
1. Patan Patola
2. Old Pension Scheme vs NPS
3. The World Population Prospects 2022
4. National Press Day
5. Bribery on the floor of the House
6. District Judges
7. Digital Shakti 4.0
8. Global Skill Summit with Indian Missions
9. Price capping of NLEM drugs
10. LeadIT Summit
11. Climate Change Performance Index 2023 (CCPI)
12. Forest and Climate Leaders’ Partnership
13. Permanent Commission for women
14. Whitelisting
15. Mapping
Syllabus: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
Source: IE
Direction: The article covers a brief about the G20 grouping, key takeaways from the Bali summit and the significance of the G20 presidency for India.
Context: The first post-pandemic meeting of the grouping – the G20 summit in Bali, Indonesia, recently took place in the shadow of the Russia-Ukraine crisis and a missile attack on Poland.
Key five takeaways from the Bali summit:
Significance of G20 presidency for India:
About the G20 or Group of Twenty:
Insta Links:
Great G20 power, great responsibility
Mains Links:
Q. The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations has disappeared on account of its newfound role in the emerging global order.’ Elaborate (UPSC 2019)
Prelims Links:
Consider the following statements about G20 (or Group of Twenty):
Which of the given above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 3
Ans: (d)
Explanation:
Refer: https://g20.org/
Syllabus: Environmental Conservation: Climate Finance
Source: TH
Direction: This article will help to understand why developed countries are bound to compensate poor countries for climate damage and whether India is eligible to get this compensation. Do understand the ‘Carbon border tax’ and why India opposed it.
Context: While rich countries such as the US, Japan and Canada pledged $20 billion to wean Indonesia off coal at the G-20 summit in Bali, much more has to be done to address climate change.
Background:
Why compensation (rich world financing poor) has been considered?
Emissions in India and efforts to reduce them:
Related news:
Carbon border tax
Source: TH
Context: BASIC countries have emphasised the need of avoiding carbon border taxes, which could promote market distortion and worsen the trust deficit among countries at COP27.
About Carbon Border Tax:
● A carbon border tax is an import duty based on the amount of carbon emissions produced by the goods in question. E.g. using it EU can impose import duty on Cement export by India as cement production is highly carbon-intensive.
● It discourages emissions as a carbon price. It has an impact on production and exports as a trade-related measure.
Background:
● The BASIC countries are a bloc of four large newly industrialised countries – Brazil, South Africa, India and China, formed in 2009 at the Copenhagen climate summit.
● The European Union (EU) proposed the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in 2021, which would tax high-carbon commodities like cement and steel beginning in 2026
Insta Links:
Loss and damage funding officially included in the COP27 agenda
Mains Links:
Q. What is climate change ‘Loss and Damage’? Should rich nations compensate the poor countries most vulnerable to climate change? State your opinion. (250 words)
Source: IE
Context:
About Patan Patola:
Mata Ni Pachedi: It is handmade textile of Gujarat for offering in the temple shrines
Pithora Painting: From Chhota Udaipur (Gujarat), it depicts cave paintings that tribes used to make. It is a ritualistic painting done on the walls by the Rathwa, Bhils and Bhilala tribes.
Source: IE
Context: Experts see some political parties’ announcements in the run-up to elections to switch to the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) as bad politics and bad economics.
National Pension Scheme (NPS):
The Old Pension Scheme:
Source: IE
Context: According to World Population Prospects 2022, the human population reached 8 billion on November 15.
Highlights of WPP 2022:
How is India placed?
Background:
Source: TH
Context: India celebrates 16th November as National Press Day every year and the day is observed in honour of the Press Council of India (PCI).
About the National Press Day:
About PCI: It is responsible for examining the quality of reportage from the Indian media, while also keeping a check on other journalistic activities and is traditionally chaired by a retired Supreme Court Judge.
Source: Hindustan Times
Direction: This is a classic case where parliamentary immunity is being misused by the parliamentarian. Know the content of article 105 and article 122
Context: Calling it a “constitutionally correct” principle, the Central government backed the Supreme Court a 1998 ruling that shields MPs and MLAs from prosecution ( under Article 105 ) if they accept bribes in lieu of their votes
Background of the case:
10 MPs belonging to the JMM and the Janata Dal took bribes on the floor of the house to cast their votes to defeat a no-confidence motion moved in the Lok Sabha against the minority government of Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao in 1993
In 1998 by 3-2, the Supreme Court in the Narasimha Rao case held that MPs and MLAs were screened from prosecution in such cases under parliamentary immunity granted under Article 105(2) of the Constitution
Article 105(2) of the Constitution states that no member of Parliament (MP) shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by him in parliament or any committee thereof. A similar provision exists for MLAs under Article 194(2)
Article 122 deals with the restrictions on courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
Source: Live Mint
Context: CJI has said that the district judiciary is a cornerstone of the judicial system and district judges aren’t subordinates. They belong to the district judiciary.
Steps suggested to ensure modern and equal judiciary:
District judges are the highest judicial authority in the district having original and appellate jurisdiction over both civil and criminal cases. Their appointment, posting and promotion are done by the governor of the state in consultation with the high court.
Qualifications for being a district judge include:
Source: Business-Standard
Direction: Major initiatives towards women and weaker sections becomes important for UPSC
Context: National Commission for Women together with CyberPeace Foundation and Meta (parent company of Facebook) launched Digital Shakti 4.0 to create safe cyberspace for women and girls, making women digitally skilled
The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body (formed in 1992), generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting women. CyberPeace Foundation (CPF) is an award-winning civil society organization, a think tank of CyberSecurity and policy experts.
Source: ibef.org
Direction: We have given it here since it is the 1st such initiative for India. Also, Indian migrant workers have been in news due to the FIFA world cup in Qatar.
Context: Different ministries have organized 1st virtual global skill summit with an Indian mission in ten countries to facilitate overseas mobility of the skilled Indian workforce, in line with the government’s vision of making India the skill capital of the world.
Government initiatives for skilling of Indian workers:
According to a Ministry of External Affairs report, there are 32 million NRIs and OCIs residing outside India and overseas Indians comprise the world’s largest overseas diaspora
Source: Indian Express
Context: Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, which is responsible for ensuring the pricing cap, has brought 34 new essential medicines (in NLEM) under its pricing regulation.
While the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare revises the National list of Essential medicines (NLEM), the cap on its pricing is decided by NPPA under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
Significance of the move:
How are the prices decided?
The ceiling price is determined by calculating the average price to retailers of all generics and branded generics with a market share of more than 1% and then adding a small retailer margin to it.
NPPA ( under the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers) was set up in 1997 under the Drugs (Prices Control) order, 1995, to fix/revise prices of controlled bulk drugs and ensure their availability.
Source: PIB
Direction: The Summit becomes important for UPSC as India is part of it and has been launched in COP27
Context: Leadership for Industry Transition (LeadIT) Summit 2022 hosted by India and Sweden at COP27, with a focus on low carbon transition of the hard-to-abate industrial sector.
About LeadIT:
It gathers countries and companies that are committed to action to achieve the Paris Agreement. It was launched by the governments of Sweden and India at the UN Climate Action Summit in September 2019 and is supported by the World Economic Forum. LeadIT members subscribe to the notion that energy-intensive industries can and must progress on low-carbon pathways, aiming to achieve net-zero carbon emissions
Source: Economic Times
Direction: You may go through it once. Can quote data in the Mains answer.
Context: India has gained 2 places (to rank 8/63 countries) in the recently released CCPI by GermanWatch, New Climate Institute and Climate Action Network (all three are environment NGOs). The jump can be attributed to India’s low emissions and the increasing use of renewable energy.
CCPI evaluates 59 countries +EU, which together generate over 92% of global greenhouse gas emissions, on their implementation record of Paris commitments.
The criterion used: GHG emissions, use of renewable energy, energy use and climate policy.
Source: UNFCC
Direction: There are 100s of initiatives launched at COP27. Since India is not part of this initiative, the partnership may not be important for UPSC exams. Just go through it once. Do remember Bonn challenge related to it.
Context: 26 countries together with EU launched FCLP at COP27 to unite actions by government, business and community leaders to halt forest loss and land degradation by 2030
Source: TOI
Direction: Know what is Permanent Commission, Short Service Commission and previous SC judgments regarding it.
Context: SC has directed IAF and central government to consider granting Permanent Commission (PC) to 32 retired women officers
PC means a career in the army till the age of retirement. In short service Commission, the period of service is limited to 10 years (+ 4 years extension).
Benefits of PC: Full-time pension benefits and other allowances.
In a landmark verdict on February 17, 2020, the Supreme court directed that women officers in the Army be granted a permanent commission, rejecting the Centre’s stand on their “physiological limitations” as being based on “sex stereotypes” and “gender discrimination against women”
Women were allowed in the armed forces in 1992 in non-medical roles. Currently, women are allowed in all branches of the Indian Air force (IAF), all non-seagoing branches of the Indian Navy and 10 branches of the Indian Army.
Source: Economic Times
Direction: This is a technical term used in many places. Here ‘whitelisting’ has been used in the context of cybersecurity.
Context: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) uses whitelisting of email addresses, IP addresses, and domain names in order to allow them to be used while denying others, so as to curb cyber fraud
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) has formed a joint committee of financial regulators, including officials from RBI and SEBI to effectively curtail the growing menace of phishing and cyber frauds through a process involving whitelisting.
Whitelisting locks down computers so only approved applications can run. In essence, the user has access to only a limited set of functionality, and what they can access has been deemed safe by the administrator.
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