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The growth of Chinese investment globally, including its use of industrial subsidies and deployment of state-owned enterprises, has prompted reactions from developed countries, notably the United States, Japan and the European Union. This is due to the common opinion that China is implementing a grand strategy to help its own industry by transferring its domestic-excess capacity overseas via foreign direct-investment ventures financed by the government.
The EU coined this practice as transnational subsidy and perceived accordingly that it is a prohibited practice of subsidy, not in conformity with the legal framework of subsidies regulated under the World Trade Organization.
The transnational-subsidy practice is observed to take the form of (i) investment and relocation assistance from the government of China (GOC) to the domestic industries which expand their production facilities to other countries, and exports the products throughout the world, including to China; and/or (ii) strategic cooperation between the GOC and other governments to build a special-industrial area wherein the Chinese relocated company operates to produce goods intended for export.
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